Medical Doors

Medical doors are specially designed to meet the unique requirements of healthcare environments such as hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and other medical facilities. These doors play a crucial role in ensuring hygiene, safety, accessibility, and privacy in healthcare settings, while also helping to manage infection control and facilitate smooth movement of patients, staff, and equipment.

Key Features of Medical Doors:

Hygienic Design: Medical doors are often made from materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, or specialized laminate surfaces that are easy to clean and resistant to bacteria, viruses, and other contaminants. The surfaces are typically smooth, with minimal joints or seams where germs could accumulate, making them ideal for sterile environments.
Durability and Strength: Built to withstand frequent use, medical doors are designed for high-traffic areas, such as hospital corridors and operating rooms. They are also robust enough to handle impacts from equipment like wheelchairs, hospital beds, and stretchers.
Automatic and Hands-Free Operation: In many healthcare settings, automatic doors are crucial for hands-free access, reducing the spread of germs. Medical doors often come with automatic opening mechanisms, which are activated by sensors, touchless controls, or foot pedals, ensuring easy and hygienic access.
Fire and Radiation Protection: Some medical doors are specially engineered for specific needs, such as fire resistance or radiation shielding. Fire-rated doors are installed to prevent the spread of fire and smoke in emergencies, while radiation-protective doors are used in radiology and X-ray rooms to protect people from harmful exposure.
Noise Reduction: Hospitals and medical facilities require a quiet environment to promote patient recovery and minimize stress. Medical doors are often equipped with soundproofing features to help reduce noise levels in sensitive areas like patient rooms and intensive care units.
Accessibility and Compliance: Medical doors are designed to meet accessibility standards, ensuring ease of use for all individuals, including those with disabilities. They are wide enough to accommodate wheelchairs and other medical equipment, complying with regulations like the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) in the U.S. and similar standards worldwide.

Applications of Medical Doors:

Medical doors are used in various areas within healthcare facilities, including:

Patient rooms
Operating theaters
Laboratories
ICU/CCU units
Pharmacies
Sterile zones
Emergency exits

Category: medical door Tag: medical door

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General Technical Requirements for Medical Door in Building Construction

This document outlines the general technical requirements for medical door used within building constructions, particularly in hospital environments. It covers terminology, classification, specifications, materials, construction standards, testing methods, inspection rules, and packaging guidelines.

1. Scope

This document specifies the terminology, classification, specifications and markings, requirements, testing methods, inspection rules, packaging, labeling, transportation, and storage for medical doors intended for indoor use in hospital buildings.

2. Medical Door Normative References

The following documents are essential to this standard through normative references. For documents with specified dates, only the version corresponding to that date applies; for those without, the latest version (including all amendments) applies:

GB/T 191: Packaging and Storage Symbols
GB/T 708: Dimensions, Shapes, Weights, and Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Steel Plates and Strips
GB/T 1470: Lead and Lead-Antimony Alloy Plates
GB/T 1732: Test Method for Paint Film Impact Resistance
GB/T 2423.1: Environmental Testing of Electric and Electronic Products – Part 2: Test A – Low Temperature
GB/T 2423.2: Environmental Testing of Electric and Electronic Products – Part 2: Test A – High Temperature
GB/T 2423.3: Environmental Testing of Electric and Electronic Products – Part 2: Test Cab – Constant Humidity
GB/T 2423.17: Environmental Testing of Electric and Electronic Products – Part 2: Test Ka – Salt Spray
GB/T 2518: Continuous Hot-Dip Galvanized and Zinc-Alloy Coated Steel Plates and Strips
GB/T 3280: Cold-Rolled Stainless Steel Plates and Strips
GB/T 3797: Electrical Control Equipment
GB 4343.1-2018: Electromagnetic Compatibility Requirements for Household Appliances, Electric Tools, and Similar Devices – Part 1: Emission
GB 4824-2019: Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Equipment – Limits and Measurement Methods for Radio Frequency Interference
GB/T 5171.1: Small Electric Motors – Part 1: General Technical Conditions
GB/T 5823: Terminology for Building Doors and Windows
GB/T 5824: Series of Door and Window Opening Sizes
GB/T 6388: Marking for Transportation Packaging
GB/T 6739: Determination of Paint Film Hardness – Pencil Method
GB/T 7106: Testing Methods for Air Permeability, Water Tightness, and Wind Pressure Resistance of Building External Doors and Windows
GB/T 8478: Aluminum Alloy Doors and Windows
GB/T 8485: Classification and Testing Methods for Airborne Sound Insulation of Building Doors and Windows
GB/T 9286-1998: Paint and Varnish – Cross-Cut Test
GB/T 9969: General Principles for the Use Instructions of Industrial Products
GB/T 12190: Measurement Methods for Shielding Effectiveness of Electromagnetic Shielding Rooms
GB/T 13306: Signs
GB/T 14155: Soft Impact Tests for Whole Doors
GB/T 14683: Silicone and Modified Silicone Building Sealants
GB 15763.3: Safety Glass for Building – Part 3: Laminated Glass
GB 15763.4: Safety Glass for Building – Part 4: Homogeneous Toughened Glass
GB/T 16776: Silicone Structural Sealants for Building
GB 18871: Basic Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and Safety of Radiation Sources
GB/T 20909: Steel Doors and Windows
GB 21556: General Technical Conditions for Lock Security
GB/T 24343-2009: Insulation Resistance Test Specification for Industrial Electrical Equipment
GB/T 24498: Sealing Gaskets for Building Doors and Windows, Curtain Walls
GB/T 29049: Whole Door Vertical Load Test
GB/T 29555: Testing Methods for Opening and Closing Force of Doors
GB/T 30591: Coordination Requirements for Building Doors and Windows Opening Sizes
GB/T 31433: General Technical Conditions for Building Curtain Walls and Windows
GB/T 34616: General Technical Requirements for Pedestrian Automatic Doors
GB/T 35379: Classification and General Technical Requirements for Wooden Doors
GB/T 50719: Engineering Technical Specifications for Electromagnetic Shielding Rooms
GBZ 120: Clinical Nuclear Medicine Radiation Health Protection Standards
GBZ 126: Radiation Protection Requirements for Electronic Accelerator Radiation Therapy
GBZ 130-2013: Radiation Protection Requirements for Medical X-Ray Diagnosis
JC/T 635: Sealing Wool for Building Doors and Windows
JG 305-2011: Safety Requirements for Pedestrian Automatic Doors
JG/T 455: Toughened Glass for Building Doors and Windows Curtain Walls
JGJ 113: Technical Regulations for the Application of Building Glass
WS/T 512: Cleaning and Disinfection Management Specifications for Environmental Surfaces in Medical Institutions
YY 0292.2: Protective Devices for Medical Diagnostic X-Ray Radiation – Part 2: Protective Glass Plates

3. Terminology and Definitions

The terms and definitions provided in GB/T 5823 and the following are applicable to this document:

3.1 Medical Door

A medical door that can isolate two environmental sides, achieving certain cleanliness, sound insulation, air tightness, or radiation protection requirements.

4. Classification, Specifications, and Marking

4.1 Classification in Medical Door

4.1.1 By Opening Method

The classification and codes for medical doors by opening method are as follows:

Opening Method	Code
Swing Door	PK

4.1.2 By Opening Power

The classification and codes for medical doors by opening power are as follows:

Opening Power	Code
Automatic Door	ZD
Manual Door	SD

4.1.3 By Application Category

The classification and codes for medical doors by application category are as follows:

Structure Type	Code
Ordinary	P
Air Tight	Q
Radiation Proof	F
Magnetic Shielding	C

Note: Combined functions can be represented by overlapping codes; for example, an air-tight radiation-proof medical door is coded as QF.

4.2 Specifications

The specifications of medical doors are indicated by the dimensions of the opening, which should comply with GB/T 5824 and GB/T 30591.

4.3 Marking

4.3.1 Marking Method

The marking method for medical doors consists of the medical door code (YY), opening method code, opening power code, application category code, specifications, and the standard number:

YY—GB/T ××××—202×

Medical Door Specifications
Application Category Code
Opening Power Code
Opening Method Code

4.3.2 Marking Examples

Example 1: Medical smooth automatic door, air-tight application, suitable for an opening width of 1400mm and height of 2100mm, marked as: YY-PH-ZD-Q-14002100 GB/T ××××—202×.

Example 2: Medical swing manual door, ordinary application, suitable for an opening width of 1400mm and height of 2100mm, marked as: YY-PK-SD-P-14002100 GB/T ××××—202×.

5. Structure, Materials, and Accessories

5.1 Medical Door Structure

The door structure must have sufficient rigidity and should meet the following requirements:

The door leaf should have a handle positioned 900mm from the ground.
Medical doors should be equipped with glass windows; patient room doors must have glass windows.
Restroom doors should have louvered openings at the bottom.

5.2 Materials

5.2.1 Door Body Materials

The materials for the door body must possess sufficient strength and rigidity. Acceptable materials include steel, aluminum alloy, wood, glass panels, and others, complying with national standards.

5.2.2 Steel Door Specifications

When using cold-rolled steel plates, galvanized steel plates, or stainless steel plates, the nominal thickness of the door frame should not be less than 1.2mm, and the door leaf should not be less than 0.6mm. The allowable thickness deviations should conform to GB/T 708, GB/T 2518, and GB/T 3280.

5.2.3 Surface Coating Requirements

Steel doors should have surface coatings selected based on functional requirements, meeting the following criteria:

Coatings should be firm and durable, with impact resistance according to GB/T 1732.
Coatings should withstand common disinfectants, referencing WS/T 512.
Adhesion strength should not be below level 2 of GB/T 9286-1998.
Scratch hardness must meet GB/T 6739 standards.
Neutral salt spray duration should not be below the standards of GB/T 2423.17.
The affected area from coating loss at cut edges and intersections should be less than 15% of the cutting area.
Surface scratches must comply with specified requirements.
Medical door

Project	Requirement
Total scratch area	< Coating thickness
Each scratch area	< 3% of the total area
Adhesion test result	> Level 2
Impact resistance	> 50cm

5.3 Accessories

5.3.1 Door Frame

The door frame should be made of durable materials with smooth surfaces and appropriate finishes, ensuring proper alignment and stability when installed.
Frame dimensions must correspond with the specified opening sizes.

5.3.2 Hinges and Handles

Hinges and handles should be resistant to corrosion and wear, easy to operate, and ergonomically designed.

5.3.3 Glass Panel

Glass panels must comply with GB 15763.3 or GB 15763.4 for safety standards.

6. Testing Methods about Medical Door

6.1 Medical Door Performance Testing

Performance testing for medical doors shall include:

Air permeability and water tightness tests according to GB/T 7106.
Sound insulation tests according to GB/T 8485.
Impact resistance tests for the door structure.

6.2 Inspection Rules

The inspection rules for medical doors should comply with the following:

Inspection shall be conducted before shipment, ensuring products meet specified standards.
Acceptable sampling methods will follow GB/T 2828.1.

7. Packaging, Labeling, and Storage

7.1 Packaging about Medical Door

Packaging of medical doors should:

Protect against physical damage during transport.
Include moisture-proof and anti-corrosive materials.

7.2 Labeling

Labeling should indicate:

Product specifications, including size and material.
Handling and storage instructions.
Manufacturer and certification details.

7.3 Storage

Medical doors should be stored in a clean, dry environment to prevent contamination and degradation. Ensure that products are kept away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures.

Conclusion

Medical doors play a crucial role in maintaining the safety and hygiene standards within healthcare facilities. This document serves as a comprehensive guide to ensure that medical doors meet the necessary requirements for performance, safety, and usability in various healthcare settings.

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