What is the basic knowledge of fire protection doors?

Basic knowledge of fire protection doors

Classification of fire doors

Fire door is a door that meets the requirements of fire resistance stability, integrity and heat insulation within a certain period of time. The main components of the fire door include the door fan, door frame, glass, door lock, pull handle, hinge, and door closing device (Figure 1).

Some fire doors are also equipped with sequence device, escape pusher and electromagnetic door suction (see Table 1)

Table 1 Common accessories for fire doors

Classification of fire doors

1, according to the fire resistance limit

According to the different fire resistance limit, the fire door is divided into three grades: A, B and C, and the fire resistance limit is 1.2h(72min), 0.9h (54min) and 0.6h (36min) respectively.

2、Press the material

According to the different materials, the fire doors can also be divided into steel, wood fire doors and glass fire doors (see Figure 1).

Wood fire door refers to the wood or wood products as door frame, door plate, skeleton, in the door fan filled with non-combustible materials, and with hardware parts composed of the door can meet the requirements of fire stability, integrity and heat insulation door.Steel fire door refers to the cold rolled thin steel plate as door frame, door plate, skeleton, in the door plate filled with non-combustible materials, and with hardware parts composed of the door can meet the requirements of fire stability parts, integrity and heat insulation door.

Glass fire door refers to the steel fire door completely using fire glass as the door panel.

• According to structure

It can be divided into single and double doors; according to glass, no glass and no glass; no bright window and no bright windows.

To sum up, fire doors can be roughly divided into eight categories: single and double, single with glass, double with glass, single with bright window, double with bright window, single with glass with bright window, double with glass with bright window (see Figure 2).

Single fan	Double fan	Single-fan glass	Double fan glass
Single fan with bright window	Double fan with bright window	Single-strap glass with a bright window	Double-strap glass with bright windows

Type of fire door

There are many models and varieties of fire doors, and some important parameters can be reflected by the data and characters in the code name (see Figure 3).

Figure 3 Schemdiagram of fire door code

For example, “GFM-1521-1SK A-2”: steel class A double fire door, hole 1500mm wide, 2100mm high, with fire glass on the door fan, double slot door frame with lower frame.

Setting of fire doors

According to the Code for Fire Prevention in Building Design, fire doors should be installed in the following positions in general buildings (Table 2)。

Table 2 Setting locations of fire doors for different fire resistance levels

Fire door building Points in the building	Class A fire door	Class B fire door	Class C fire door
Between fire elevator shaft, machine room and adjacent elevator shaft and machine room	★
Evacuation aisle (at fire zone)	★
Room of different types of fire hazard (Class A and B workshop and workshop using class C liquid; workshop with open fire and high temperature; kitchen in other buildings except residential buildings)		★
Public equipment room (fire control room, equipment room for fixed fire extinguishing system, fire water pump room and ventilation and air conditioning room, etc.) attached in the building		★
Closed stairwell (ordinary stairwell, fire elevator room)		★
Inspection door on the vertical pipe shaft wall (cable well, pipe well, flue pipe, exhaust duct, garbage channel, etc.)			★

Note: General buildings refer to residential buildings with nine floors or less (including those with commercial service outlets on the ground floor) and single-storey public buildings with building height of less than 24m and other civil buildings and building height of more than 24m; single-storey, multi-storey and high-rise industrial buildings.